On Friday, the Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China released its annual report - the Statistical Data of Chinese (Science & Technology) Papers 2011.

According to the report, China produced 836,300 papers on science and technology between 2001 and Nov 1, 2011, and they together garnered 5.19 million citations. That gave the country the seventh highest citation rate in the world; it had the eighth highest rate in 2010.

This year, each Chinese paper on science and technology garnered an average of 6.21 citations. That was a 5.8 percent increase above what the papers had got the previous year, but was still well below the 10.71 citations that papers throughout the world draw on average, the report said.

He Defang, director of the Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China, said the increasing citation rate shows that scientific research is being better conducted in China.

"The numbers of science and technology papers and their citation rates are an objective reflection of a country's scientific acquirements," He said.

In the past decade, the citation rate for Chinese papers on science and technology has increased by 30 percent a year on average. The Science Citation Index, meanwhile, has increased by 19 percent a year on average, He said.

"Beyond the sheer numbers, the quality and the citation rate of our papers have gone up too," he added. "At this rate, our citation rate is likely to become the fifth best in the world by 2014, which is six years ahead of our plan."

Britain's national science academy, the Royal Society, published a report in March saying that China, Brazil, India and various other countries are becoming scientific powers that can rival the United States.

At the same time, though, the report said those countries lack strong foundations in the sciences. It said the increase in China's citation rate "does not reflect the rapid increase that has been seen in the nation's investment or publication output".

Sun Song, director of the Chinese Academy of Sciences' institute of oceanology, said scientists should pay more attention to the quality of research papers rather than their quantity.

"There are some barriers to the pursuit of quality," Sun said. "For example, when you are bidding for a research project, publishing a certain number of papers is required. So some researchers may take what should have been written into one comprehensive paper and split it up into several different papers just to meet the requirement. That lowers the quality of the work."

The number of papers researchers publish is also used as criteria in the awarding of academic degrees or promotions.

"On the other hand, using citation rates as the only standard for judging our research is unfair," Sun said. "For example, there are far fewer oceangraphers in the world than therapists. So the most influential oceanographic paper ever written may not be quoted as many times as a less-influential medical paper."

Of all Chinese science and technology papers, those about chemistry, engineering and mathematics, material science and clinical medicine led to only 2.09 percent of the citations that were made in 2011. The percentage for such papers was similar to the year before.

"China's clinical medicine has developed greatly in recent years, thanks largely to there being more international cooperation," said Guo Jun, deputy head of the Peking University Cancer Hospital and the publisher of a dozen of papers on cancer.

Guangzhou Jia Yu medical equipment Limited